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Install Minikube Kubernetes on CentOS 8/7 with KVM

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This tutorial has been written to help you install Minikube on CentOS 8 / CentOS 7 with KVM Hypervisor. Minikube is an open source tool designed to enable developers and system administrators to bootstrap a single node Kubernetes cluster in their local machine – Laptops, Desktop workstations in minutes. This is ideal for development and POC purposes, but not for running Production workloads.

For installation of Minikube on Ubuntu / Debian Linux system, check: How to install Minikube on Ubuntu / Debian Linux. In a nutshell, Minikube packages and configures a Linux VM, then installs Docker and all Kubernetes components into it. Which you can manage and deploy applications from kubectl running in the host system.

Kubernetes Supported features

Some of the features which you can run from Kubernetes running in Minikube are:

  • DNS
  • NodePorts
  • ConfigMaps and Secrets
  • Dashboards
  • Container Runtime: Docker, CRI-O, and containerd
  • Enabling CNI (Container Network Interface)
  • Ingress
  • PersistentVolumes of type hostPath

Minikube supports both VirtualBox and KVM hypervisors., but this guide is for running Minikube with KVM on a CentOS 8 / CentOS 7 Linux machine.

Step 1: Update system

Run the following commands to update all system packages to the latest release:

sudo yum -y update

Step 2: Install KVM Hypervisor

As stated earlier, we’ll use KVM as Hypervisor of choice for the Minikube VM. Here is our complete guide on the installation of KVM on CentOS / RHEL 8.

Confirm that libvirtd service is running.

$ systemctl status libvirtd
● libvirtd.service - Virtualization daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/libvirtd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2020-01-20 14:33:07 EAT; 1s ago
     Docs: man:libvirtd(8)
           https://libvirt.org
 Main PID: 20569 (libvirtd)
    Tasks: 20 (limit: 32768)
   Memory: 70.4M
   CGroup: /system.slice/libvirtd.service
           ├─ 2653 /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --conf-file=/var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.conf --leasefile-ro --dhcp-script=/usr/libexec/libvirt_leaseshelper
           ├─ 2654 /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --conf-file=/var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.conf --leasefile-ro --dhcp-script=/usr/libexec/libvirt_leaseshelper
           └─20569 /usr/sbin/libvirtd

Jan 20 14:33:07 cent8.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Virtualization daemon...
Jan 20 14:33:07 cent8.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Virtualization daemon.
Jan 20 14:33:08 cent8.localdomain dnsmasq[2653]: read /etc/hosts - 2 addresses
Jan 20 14:33:08 cent8.localdomain dnsmasq[2653]: read /var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.addnhosts - 0 addresses
Jan 20 14:33:08 cent8.localdomain dnsmasq-dhcp[2653]: read /var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.hostsfile

If not running after installation, then start and set it to start at boot.

sudo systemctl enable --now libvirtd

You user should be part of libvirt group.

sudo usermod -a -G libvirt $(whoami)
newgrp libvirt

Open the file /etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf for editing.

sudo vi /etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf

Set the UNIX domain socket group ownership to libvirt, (around line 85)

unix_sock_group = "libvirt"

Set the UNIX socket permissions for the R/W socket (around line 102)

unix_sock_rw_perms = "0770"

Restart libvirt daemon after making the change.

sudo systemctl restart libvirtd.service

Step 3: Download minikube

You need to download the minikube binary. I will put the binary under /usr/local/bin directory since it is inside $PATH.

sudo yum -y install wget
wget https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/latest/minikube-linux-amd64
chmod +x minikube-linux-amd64
sudo mv minikube-linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/minikube

Confirm installation of Minikube on your system.

$ minikube version
minikube version: v1.23.2
commit: 0a0ad764652082477c00d51d2475284b5d39ceed

Step 4: Install kubectl

We need kubectl which is a command-line tool used to deploy and manage applications on Kubernetes.

curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/`curl -s https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/stable.txt`/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl

Give the file executable bit and move to a location in your PATH.

chmod +x kubectl
sudo mv kubectl  /usr/local/bin/

Confirm the version of kubectl installed.

$ kubectl version --client -o json
{
  "clientVersion": {
    "major": "1",
    "minor": "22",
    "gitVersion": "v1.22.2",
    "gitCommit": "8b5a19147530eaac9476b0ab82980b4088bbc1b2",
    "gitTreeState": "clean",
    "buildDate": "2021-09-15T21:38:50Z",
    "goVersion": "go1.16.8",
    "compiler": "gc",
    "platform": "linux/amd64"
  }
}

Step 5: Starting minikube

Now that components are installed, you can start minikube. VM image will be downloaded and configured for Kubernetes single node cluster.

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Edit Libvirtd configuration file and set group:

$ sudo vim /etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf
unix_sock_group = "libvirt"
unix_sock_rw_perms = "0770"

Restart libvirtd daemon:

sudo systemctl restart libvirtd

Add your username to libvirt group:

$ sudo usermod -aG libvirt $USER
$ newgrp libvirt
$ id
uid=1000(jkmutai) gid=989(libvirt) groups=989(libvirt),10(wheel),1000(jkmutai)

For a list of options, run:

$ minikube start --help

To create a minikube VM with the default options, run:

$ minikube start

The default container runtime to be used is docker, but you can also use crio or containerd:

$ minikube start --container-runtime=cri-o
$ minikube start --container-runtime=containerd

The installer will automatically detect KVM and download KVM driver.

* minikube v1.23.2 on CentOS 8.4
* Automatically selected the kvm2 driver
* Downloading driver docker-machine-driver-kvm2:
    > docker-machine-driver-kvm2....: 65 B / 65 B [----------] 100.00% ? p/s 0s
    > docker-machine-driver-kvm2: 11.40 MiB / 11.40 MiB  100.00% 1.09 MiB p/s 1
* Downloading VM boot image ...
    > minikube-v1.23.1.iso.sha256: 65 B / 65 B [-------------] 100.00% ? p/s 0s
    > minikube-v1.23.1.iso: 225.22 MiB / 225.22 MiB  100.00% 103.78 MiB p/s 2.4
* Starting control plane node minikube in cluster minikube
....

If you have more than one hypervisor, then specify it.

$ minikube start --vm-driver kvm2

Please note that latest stable release of Kubernetes is installed. Use --kubernetes-version flag to specify version to be installed. Example:

--kubernetes-version='v1.22.2'

Wait for the download and setup to finish then confirm that everything is working fine.

$ minikube start
* minikube v1.23.2 on Centos 8.4
* Automatically selected the kvm2 driver
* Downloading driver docker-machine-driver-kvm2:
    > docker-machine-driver-kvm2....: 65 B / 65 B [----------] 100.00% ? p/s 0s
    > docker-machine-driver-kvm2: 11.40 MiB / 11.40 MiB  100.00% 1.09 MiB p/s 1
* Downloading VM boot image ...
    > minikube-v1.23.1.iso.sha256: 65 B / 65 B [-------------] 100.00% ? p/s 0s
    > minikube-v1.23.1.iso: 225.22 MiB / 225.22 MiB  100.00% 103.78 MiB p/s 2.4
* Starting control plane node minikube in cluster minikube
* Downloading Kubernetes v1.22.2 preload ...
    > preloaded-images-k8s-v13-v1...: 579.88 MiB / 579.88 MiB  100.00% 71.91 Mi
* Creating kvm2 VM (CPUs=2, Memory=6000MB, Disk=20000MB) ...
* Deleting "minikube" in kvm2 ...
* Creating kvm2 VM (CPUs=2, Memory=6000MB, Disk=20000MB) ...
* Preparing Kubernetes v1.22.2 on CRI-O 1.22.0 ...
  - Generating certificates and keys ...
  - Booting up control plane ...
  - Configuring RBAC rules ...
* Configuring bridge CNI (Container Networking Interface) ...
* Verifying Kubernetes components...
  - Using image gcr.io/k8s-minikube/storage-provisioner:v5
* Enabled addons: storage-provisioner, default-storageclass
* Done! kubectl is now configured to use "minikube" cluster and "default" namespace by default

Step 6: Minikube Basic operations

The kubectl command line tool is configured to use “minikube“.

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To check cluster status, run:

$ minikube status
minikube
type: Control Plane
host: Running
kubelet: Running
apiserver: Running
kubeconfig: Configured

$ kubectl cluster-info
Kubernetes master is running at https://192.168.39.2:8443
KubeDNS is running at https://192.168.39.2:8443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy

To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.

Your Minikube configuration file is located under ~/.minikube/machines/minikube/config.json

To View Config, use:

$ kubectl config view
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
    certificate-authority: /home/jkmutai/.minikube/ca.crt
    extensions:
    - extension:
        last-update: Mon, 27 Sep 2021 00:44:49 EAT
        provider: minikube.sigs.k8s.io
        version: v1.23.2
      name: cluster_info
    server: https://192.168.39.195:8443
  name: minikube
contexts:
- context:
    cluster: minikube
    extensions:
    - extension:
        last-update: Mon, 27 Sep 2021 00:44:49 EAT
        provider: minikube.sigs.k8s.io
        version: v1.23.2
      name: context_info
    namespace: default
    user: minikube
  name: minikube
current-context: minikube
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: minikube
  user:
    client-certificate: /home/jkmutai/.minikube/profiles/minikube/client.crt
    client-key: /home/jkmutai/.minikube/profiles/minikube/client.key

To check running nodes:

$ kubectl get nodes
NAME       STATUS   ROLES                  AGE     VERSION
minikube   Ready    control-plane,master   2m53s   v1.22.2

Access minikube VM using ssh:

$ minikube ssh

                         _             _            
            _         _ ( )           ( )           
  ___ ___  (_)  ___  (_)| |/')  _   _ | |_      __  
/' _ ` _ `\| |/' _ `\| || , <  ( ) ( )| '_`\  /'__`\
| ( ) ( ) || || ( ) || || |\`\ | (_) || |_) )(  ___/
(_) (_) (_)(_)(_) (_)(_)(_) (_)`\___/'(_,__/'`\____)

$ sudo su -
# cat /etc/os-release
NAME=Buildroot
VERSION=2021.02.4-dirty
ID=buildroot
VERSION_ID=2021.02.4
PRETTY_NAME="Buildroot 2021.02.4"
# exit
logout
$ exit
logout

To stop a running local kubernetes cluster, run:

$ minikube stop
* Stopping "minikube" in kvm2 ...
* "minikube" stopped.

To start VM, run:

$ minikube start
* minikube v1.23.2 on CentOS 8.4
* Using the kvm2 driver based on existing profile
* Starting control plane node minikube in cluster minikube
* Restarting existing kvm2 VM for "minikube" ...
* Preparing Kubernetes v1.22.2 on CRI-O 1.22.0 ...
* Configuring bridge CNI (Container Networking Interface) ...
* Verifying Kubernetes components...
  - Using image gcr.io/k8s-minikube/storage-provisioner:v5
* Enabled addons: storage-provisioner, default-storageclass
* Done! kubectl is now configured to use "minikube" cluster and "default" namespace by default

To delete a local kubernetes cluster, use:

$ minikube delete

Step 7: Enable Kubernetes Dashboard

Kubernetes ships with a web dashboard which allows you to manage your cluster without interacting with a command line. The dashboard addon is installed and enabled by default on minikube.

$ minikube addons list
|-----------------------------|----------|--------------|-----------------------|
|         ADDON NAME          | PROFILE  |    STATUS    |      MAINTAINER       |
|-----------------------------|----------|--------------|-----------------------|
| ambassador                  | minikube | disabled     | unknown (third-party) |
| auto-pause                  | minikube | disabled     | google                |
| csi-hostpath-driver         | minikube | disabled     | kubernetes            |
| dashboard                   | minikube | disabled     | kubernetes            |
| default-storageclass        | minikube | enabled ✅   | kubernetes            |
| efk                         | minikube | disabled     | unknown (third-party) |
| freshpod                    | minikube | disabled     | google                |
| gcp-auth                    | minikube | disabled     | google                |
| gvisor                      | minikube | disabled     | google                |
| helm-tiller                 | minikube | disabled     | unknown (third-party) |
| ingress                     | minikube | disabled     | unknown (third-party) |
| ingress-dns                 | minikube | disabled     | unknown (third-party) |
| istio                       | minikube | disabled     | unknown (third-party) |
| istio-provisioner           | minikube | disabled     | unknown (third-party) |
| kubevirt                    | minikube | disabled     | unknown (third-party) |
| logviewer                   | minikube | disabled     | google                |
| metallb                     | minikube | disabled     | unknown (third-party) |
| metrics-server              | minikube | disabled     | kubernetes            |
| nvidia-driver-installer     | minikube | disabled     | google                |
| nvidia-gpu-device-plugin    | minikube | disabled     | unknown (third-party) |
| olm                         | minikube | disabled     | unknown (third-party) |
| pod-security-policy         | minikube | disabled     | unknown (third-party) |
| portainer                   | minikube | disabled     | portainer.io          |
| registry                    | minikube | disabled     | google                |
| registry-aliases            | minikube | disabled     | unknown (third-party) |
| registry-creds              | minikube | disabled     | unknown (third-party) |
| storage-provisioner         | minikube | enabled ✅   | kubernetes            |
| storage-provisioner-gluster | minikube | disabled     | unknown (third-party) |
| volumesnapshots             | minikube | disabled     | kubernetes            |
|-----------------------------|----------|--------------|-----------------------|

Enabling plugins:

minikube addons enable <plugin-name>

Example:

$ minikube addons enable csi-hostpath-driver
! [WARNING] For full functionality, the 'csi-hostpath-driver' addon requires the 'volumesnapshots' addon to be enabled.

You can enable 'volumesnapshots' addon by running: 'minikube addons enable volumesnapshots'

  - Using image k8s.gcr.io/sig-storage/livenessprobe:v2.2.0
  - Using image k8s.gcr.io/sig-storage/csi-provisioner:v2.1.0
  - Using image k8s.gcr.io/sig-storage/csi-attacher:v3.1.0
  - Using image k8s.gcr.io/sig-storage/csi-external-health-monitor-controller:v0.2.0
  - Using image k8s.gcr.io/sig-storage/hostpathplugin:v1.6.0
  - Using image k8s.gcr.io/sig-storage/csi-snapshotter:v4.0.0
  - Using image k8s.gcr.io/sig-storage/csi-external-health-monitor-agent:v0.2.0
  - Using image k8s.gcr.io/sig-storage/csi-node-driver-registrar:v2.0.1
  - Using image k8s.gcr.io/sig-storage/csi-resizer:v1.1.0
* Verifying csi-hostpath-driver addon...
* The 'csi-hostpath-driver' addon is enabled

To open directly on your default browser, use:

$ minikube dashboard
* Enabling dashboard ...
  - Using image kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.7
  - Using image kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.3.1
* Verifying dashboard health ...
* Launching proxy ...
* Verifying proxy health ...
* Opening http://127.0.0.1:39649/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/http:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/ in your default browser...
  http://127.0.0.1:39649/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/http:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/

To get the URL of the dashboard

$ minikube dashboard --url
http://192.168.39.117:30000

Access Kubernetes Dashboard by opening the URL on your favorite browser. For further reading, check:

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