Pada tutorial Linux kali ini, kita akan belajar bagaimana cara mengecek spesifikasi hardware yang terpasang di komputer. Hardware yang dicek yaitu processor (CPU), memory (RAM), harddisk (HDD), display (VGA), network interface, dan baterai laptop.
Daftar Hardware
Kita dapat menampilkan semua daftar hardware dengan satu perintah yaitu lshw.
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sudo lshw
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Perintah di atas langsung menampilkan daftarnya di terminal. Karena daftarnya sangat panjang, kita dapat membatasi daftarnya per halaman dengan perintah less dan dilanjutkan ke halaman berikutnya dengan menekan tombol spasi.
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sudo lshw | less
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Daftar hardware bisa juga disimpan ke dalam file text atau html.
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sudo lshw > hardware.txt
sudo lshw –html > hardware.html
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Hardware: CPU
Menampilkan informasi hardware processor (CPU).
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sudo lshw –class processor
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Contoh hasil perintah di atas.
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*–cpu
description: CPU
product: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7–6500U CPU @ 2.50GHz
vendor: Intel Corp.
physical id: 45
bus info: cpu@0
version: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7–6500U CPU @ 2.50GHz
serial: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
slot: U3E1
size: 2560MHz
capacity: 3100MHz
width: 64 bits
clock: 100MHz
capabilities: fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp x86–64 constant_tsc art arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch cpuid_fault epb invpcid_single pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid ept_ad fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid mpx rdseed adx smap clflushopt intel_pt xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves dtherm ida arat pln pts hwp hwp_notify hwp_act_window hwp_epp md_clear flush_l1d cpufreq
configuration: cores=2 threads=4
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- product/version: processor yang digunakan dari Intel seri Core i7-6500U
- width: arsitektur processor 64 bit
- configuration: 2 core 4 thread
Cara lain menampilkan informasi hardware CPU dengan perintah lscpu.
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lscpu
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Contoh hasil perintahnya.
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Architecture: x86_64
CPU op–mode(s): 32–bit, 64–bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
Address sizes: 39 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
CPU(s): 4
On–line CPU(s) list: 0–3
Thread(s) per core: 2
Core(s) per socket: 2
Socket(s): 1
NUMA node(s): 1
Vendor ID: GenuineIntel
CPU family: 6
Model: 78
Model name: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7–6500U CPU @ 2.50GHz
Stepping: 3
CPU MHz: 572.001
CPU max MHz: 3100,0000
CPU min MHz: 400,0000
BogoMIPS: 5199.98
Virtualization: VT–x
L1d cache: 64 KiB
L1i cache: 64 KiB
L2 cache: 512 KiB
L3 cache: 4 MiB
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0–3
Vulnerability Itlb multihit: KVM: Mitigation: Split huge pages
Vulnerability L1tf: Mitigation; PTE Inversion; VMX conditional cache flushes, SMT vulnerable
Vulnerability Mds: Mitigation; Clear CPU buffers; SMT vulnerable
Vulnerability Meltdown: Mitigation; PTI
Vulnerability Spec store bypass: Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl and seccomp
Vulnerability Spectre v1: Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2: Mitigation; Full generic retpoline, IBPB conditional, IBRS_FW, STIBP conditional, RSB filling
Vulnerability Srbds: Mitigation; Microcode
Vulnerability Tsx async abort: Not affected
Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm p
be syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc art arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aper
fmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe
popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch cpuid_fault epb invpcid_single pti ssbd
ibrs ibpb stibp tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid ept_ad fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid mp
x rdseed adx smap clflushopt intel_pt xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves dtherm ida arat pln pts hwp hwp_notify hwp_act_w
indow hwp_epp md_clear flush_l1d
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Hardware: RAM
Menampilkan informasi hardware memory (RAM).
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sudo lshw –class memory
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Contoh potongan hasil perintah di atas.
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...
*–memory
description: System Memory
physical id: 46
slot: System board or motherboard
size: 8GiB
*–bank:0
description: SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1600 MHz (0,6 ns)
product: HMT451S6BFR8A–PB
vendor: SK Hynix
physical id: 0
serial: 12151215
slot: DIMM A
size: 4GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 1600MHz (0.6ns)
*–bank:1
description: SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1600 MHz (0,6 ns)
product: CMSO4GX3M1C1600C11
vendor: AMI
physical id: 1
serial: 12121212
slot: DIMM B
size: 4GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 1600MHz (0.6ns)
...
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Semua informasi yang berada dalam kategori memory termasuk firmware dan cache juga ikut ditampilkan. Yang berkaitan dengan RAM adalah bagian System Memory.
- memory->size: total kapasitas memory yang terpasang yaitu 8GB
- bank: slot memory yang tersedia di laptop terdapat 2 slot. RAM tipe DDR3, merk berbeda, masing-masing dengan kapasitas 4GB
Hardware: Disk
Menampilkan informasi hardware disk.
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sudo lshw –class disk
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Contoh hasil perintah di atas.
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*–disk
description: ATA Disk
product: ST1000LM024 HN–M
physical id: 0
bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/sda
version: 0003
serial: S314JA0G990723
size: 931GiB (1TB)
capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos
configuration: ansiversion=5 logicalsectorsize=512 sectorsize=4096 signature=1994473c
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Dari informasi di atas diketahui bahwa disk yang terpasang tipe ATA dengan kapasitas penyimpanan 1TB.
Hardware: Display
Menampilkan informasi hardware display.
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sudo lshw –class display
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Contoh hasil perintah di atas.
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*–display
description: VGA compatible controller
product: Skylake GT2 [HD Graphics 520]
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 2
bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
version: 07
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pciexpress msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
configuration: driver=i915 latency=0
resources: irq:129 memory:d1000000–d1ffffff memory:b0000000–bfffffff ioport:f000(size=64) memory:c0000–dffff
*–display
description: Display controller
product: Sun XT [Radeon HD 8670A/8670M/8690M / R5 M330 / M430 / Radeon 520 Mobile]
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0
version: 81
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm pciexpress msi bus_master cap_list rom
configuration: driver=radeon latency=0
resources: irq:130 memory:c0000000–cfffffff memory:d0000000–d003ffff ioport:e000(size=256) memory:d0040000–d005ffff
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Dari informasi di atas diketahui bahwa terdapat 2 hardware display, yaitu VGA Intel HD Graphics dan AMD Radeon.
Hardware: Network
Menampilkan informasi hardware network interface.
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sudo lshw –class network
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Contoh hasil perintah di atas.
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*–network
description: Wireless interface
product: RTL8723BE PCIe Wireless Network Adapter
vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd.
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0
logical name: wlp2s0
version: 00
serial: 4c:bb:58:ca:c1:a7
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless
configuration: broadcast=yes driver=rtl8723be driverversion=5.4.0–58–generic firmware=N/A ip=192.168.1.16 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11
resources: irq:16 ioport:d000(size=256) memory:d2100000–d2103fff
*–network
description: Ethernet interface
product: RTL810xE PCI Express Fast Ethernet controller
vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd.
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0
logical name: enp3s0
version: 07
serial: f8:ca:b8:04:a1:c6
capacity: 100Mbit/s
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix vpd bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt–fd 100bt 100bt–fd autonegotiation
configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 firmware=rtl8106e–1_0.0.1 06/29/12 latency=0 link=no multicast=yes port=MII
resources: irq:17 ioport:c000(size=256) memory:d2004000–d2004fff memory:d2000000–d2003fff
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Dari informasi di atas diketahui bahwa terdapat 2 network interface, yaitu Wireless interface dan Ethernet interface yang keduanya merupakan produk dari Realtek.
Command lscpi dan lsusb
Command lain yang dapat digunakan untuk menampilkan semua hardware PCI yaitu lspci, termasuk di dalamnya ada display, network, audio, dll.
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lspci
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Contoh hasil perintah di atas.
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00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E3–1200 v5/E3–1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor Host Bridge/DRAM Registers (rev 08)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Skylake GT2 [HD Graphics 520] (rev 07)
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point–LP USB 3.0 xHCI Controller (rev 21)
00:14.2 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point–LP Thermal subsystem (rev 21)
00:15.0 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point–LP Serial IO I2C Controller #0 (rev 21)
00:15.1 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point–LP Serial IO I2C Controller #1 (rev 21)
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point–LP CSME HECI #1 (rev 21)
00:17.0 SATA controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point–LP SATA Controller [AHCI mode] (rev 21)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point–LP PCI Express Root Port #1 (rev f1)
00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point–LP PCI Express Root Port #5 (rev f1)
00:1c.5 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point–LP PCI Express Root Port #6 (rev f1)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point–LP LPC Controller (rev 21)
00:1f.2 Memory controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point–LP PMC (rev 21)
00:1f.3 Audio device: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point–LP HD Audio (rev 21)
00:1f.4 SMBus: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point–LP SMBus (rev 21)
01:00.0 Display controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Sun XT [Radeon HD 8670A/8670M/8690M / R5 M330 / M430 / Radeon 520 Mobile] (rev 81)
02:00.0 Network controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8723BE PCIe Wireless Network Adapter
03:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL810xE PCI Express Fast Ethernet controller (rev 07)
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Command untuk menampilkan semua hardware USB yaitu lsusb, di dalamnya termasuk bluetooth, card reader, dan webcam.
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lsusb
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Contoh hasil perintah di atas.
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Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 005: ID 0bda:b739 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. Bluetooth Radio
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0bda:0129 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTS5129 Card Reader Controller
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 1bcf:2b90 Sunplus Innovation Technology Inc. Integrated_Webcam_HD
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 046d:c534 Logitech, Inc. Unifying Receiver
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
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Hardware: Baterai
Menampilkan informasi hardware baterai.
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upower –i /org/freedesktop/UPower/devices/battery_BAT0
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Contoh hasil perintah di atas.
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native–path: BAT0
vendor: SMP
model: DELL VN3N047
serial: 54078
power supply: yes
updated: Kam 31 Des 2020 10:12:09 (39 seconds ago)
has history: yes
has statistics: yes
battery
present: yes
rechargeable: yes
state: charging
warning–level: none
energy: 24,12 Wh
energy–empty: 0 Wh
energy–full: 24,12 Wh
energy–full–design: 37,44 Wh
energy–rate: 0,0144 W
voltage: 16,167 V
percentage: 100%
capacity: 64,4231%
technology: lithium–ion
icon–name: ‘battery-full-charging-symbolic’
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- model: model atau seri baterai
- state: statusnya sedang charging atau discharging
- percentage: seberapa besar daya yang masih tersimpan
- capacity: seberapa besar kapasitas penyimpanan dayanya, apakah baterai masih cukup bagus untuk diisi ulang (charging)
